1.Write the antonyms of the words and make sentences where you can use bboth two words. Գրել բառերի հականիշը և կազմել նախադասություններ, որտեղ կօգտագործվեն հականիշ բառերը:
1. cheap: expensive
My favorite car now is very expensive.
2. old: new
I want to surprise my dad and buy his favorite perfume.
3. lazy: active
I try to be more active in the lessons.
4. ugly: beautiful
In Autumn, the trees become very beautiful.
5. big: small
Our garden was’t very small. It is vary confortable.
6. good: bad
In our days we meet a lot of people who have bad characters.
7. fast: slow
The game was very slow.
8. fat: thin
A thin woman was sitting on a chair in the corner of the room sewing on a dress.
9. thick: thin
Thin man got up from a chair by the fire and came toward him.
10. kind: evil
There are such evil men in the world.
11. strong: weak
We must attack when they are not readyand weak.
12. difficult: easy
It is something easy to do.
13. full: empty
The room was empty.
14. dirty: clean
A little pileof clean towels lay on a chair.
15. quiet: restless
We had a very restless night.
3. Choose a topic and write an essay.
Ընտրել մի թեմա և գրել էսսէ (շարադրություն)
Who is my hero? »Ո՞վ է իմ հերոսը»
What to do to make your day interesting during the quarantine. «Ի՞նչ անել, որ կարանտինային օրերը դառնան հետաքրքիր»
My future plans. «Իմ ապագա պլանները»
What to do to make your day interesting during the quarantine.
I find that quarantine is a bit boring for me․ But I’ve find activities that make me not to get bored with quarantine. I do my homeworks, cultivate the garden of our house, and help my family with the hard work at home. I do self-education, I watch movies, programs in different languages. The most important thing is that I follow the news and find out about the developing situation. I fill my quarantine days with these things and I advise people around me to find activities to keep their days from getting boring.
4. Read the text, translate the last passage into English: Կարդալ տեքստը, վերջին հայերեն հատվածը թարգմանել անգլերեն:
Dave’s class at school were studying English history, and one day their teacher said to them, ‘Well, boys, on Friday we’re all going to get on a bus and go to Conway. There’s a beautiful castle there, and we’re going to visit it.’ The boys were very happy when they heard this.
‘Now, has anybody got any questions?’ the teacher asked.
‘How old is the castle, sir?’ Dave asked.
‘It’s about seven hundred years old, Dave,’ the teacher answered.
‘What’s the name of the castle, sir?’ another boy asked.
‘Conway Castle,’ the teacher said.
Ուրբաթ օրը տղաները դպրոց եկան ժամը 9-ին և նստեցին ավտոբուս: Նրանք այցելեցին Քոնվեյի ամրոցը և տուն վերադարձան:
-Դե ի՞նչ,-ասաց Դեյվի մայրիկը նրան, երբ տուն մտավ,- հավանեցի՞ր ամրոցը:
-Ոչ այդքան,- պատասխանեց Դեյվը,- հիմար մարդիկ այն երկաթգծին շատ մոտ են կառուցել:
On Friday, the boys came to school at 9 o’clock and took a bus. They visited Conway Castle and returned home.
«What?» Said Dave’s mother to her when she entered the house. «Did you like the castle?»
«Not so much,» Dave replied. «Stupid people built it very close to the railroad.»
2.Fill in all the gaps with a suitable preposition. at from in of on to
My name is Maria and I come from Spain. I am studying English at a school in London. I’m not very good atlanguages but I need English to work intourism.
I’m fond oftravelling and I like meeting people. Last Saturday my neighbour invited me toa party. It was kind of him to invite me. My neighbour’s brother is married toa Spanish girl.
I go tothe cinema quite often — it depends on the film. I’m also interested inart, so I often visit art galleries and museums.
The people are very nice to me here and they don’t make fun at my accent. Perhaps my English is improving!
3.Read the passages and answer the follow up questions according to the readings.
Part 1
My best friend Selena
Hi, my name is Tina. I am thirteen years old and today I want to talk about my best friend Selena. She is my classmate and she is thirteen years old too. We attend a very big school near Scotland. We share the same desk and love the same school subjects. Our favorite lessons are Arts and Physical Education. I am very good at tennis and she is very good at volleyball. She plays volleyball at our school team. We both have a busy life. We always get up at a half past six and at seven o’clock her father takes us to school by car. They live next door to us, so after school we always do our homework, walk our dogs and play together. Our classes start at half past seven and finish at 4 p.m. Her mother is a nurse. My mother is a nurse too and they work at the same hospital. Our fathers are both engineers but they work at different companies. On Mondays, Selena has violin class and I have piano class. On Tuesdays and Thursdays she practices volleyball at the school’s gym and I play tennis in our school court. Friday is my favorite day because Selena stays overnight with us. On the weekends, we usually go to the movie theater or have a picnic if the weather is good. I am the only child, I don’t have a sister but she is like a sister to me.
1. What is Selena’s favorite day of the week?
A) Sunday
B) Monday
C) Tuesday D) Friday
2.Which one of the following questions you cannot answer?
A) What time does Tina get up on weekdays?
B) Which school subjects does Tina like? C) What music types does Tina like?
D) How does Selena go to school?
3. What is incorrect about Tina?
A) Her mother is a nurse.
B) She has a busy life. C) She walks her dog on Saturdays.
D) She spends time with her best friend.
Part 2
Nichole’s Summer Vacation
Every summer Nichole goes to the countryside for a month. She stays at her uncle’s farm and helps him. She works very hard but she likes it because she loves to spend time with her cousin Macy. Every morning she wakes up at six o’clock, first she collects the eggs and feeds the chickens, then she has breakfast at 6:30 and after breakfast, she helps her aunt with the house chores for an hour. She can’t wait to spend time with her cousin Macy. They always have a great time together. They climb trees, pick fruits and flowers. They love being outdoors. They come back home before dark and get ready for dinner. After dinner, they go out and feed the animals. Before they go to bed they watch TV for a little bit or read books. They are always very tired at the end of the day and usually fall asleep watching TV or reading.
4. Where does Nichole go in summer?
A) She goes to a big city. B) She goes to her uncle’s farm.
C) She goes to her cousin’s hotel.
D) She goes camping.
5. Which one of the following questions you cannot answer?
A) How long does Nichole stay at her uncle’s farm?
B) How does Nichole help her uncle and aunt?
C) What does Nichole do before she goes to bed? D) What’s her favorite food?
6. Which of the followings isn’t true about Macy and Nichole?
A) Macy and Nichole can climb trees.
B) They have a good time together.
C) They live together. D) They feed the animals.
4.Choose the best answer, A, B, C or D. The first one is an example.
1 My cousin broke his leg last Saturday.
A break B breaks C broke D broken
2 I’d like a new rug for my bedroom floor.
A curtain B cushion C poster D rug
3 Joe and I are vegetarians. Neither of us eats meat.
A Both B Neither C One D Other
4 Do you want a single or a double room?
A double B return C two D second
5 I’ve been here for a week. I came a week ago here .
A before a week B after a week C a week later D a week ago
7 There’s not enough sugar in this coffee. Could I have some more, please?
A too much B too many C enough D not enough
8 Where did you go last weekend?
A you went B did you went C you go D did you go
9 I’d like to try on this jacket, please.
A try B fit C suit D wear
10 Our new house faces south.
A looks B views C faces D heads
Hobby takes a very interesting part in my life. I have many hobbies. I can’t talk about all of them. I will list some of the them that I love most. Most of all I like to drive, different cars and different models. I want to become a chef, have my own restaurant and of course my own car, which I will keep very clean and tidy. I also love watching movies in the evenings of different genres. I also like to spend the night with my friends in the streets of Yerevan.
One day a man went to see his doctor and said to him, ‘I’ve swallowed a horse, doctor, and I feel very ill.’
The doctor thought for a few seconds and then said, ‘All right, Mr. Lloyd, I’ll help you. Please lie down on this bed.’
The doctor’s nurse gave the man an injection, the man went to sleep, and the doctor went out quickly to look for a horse in the town. After half an hour he found one, borrowed it and took it into his office, so
when Mr. Lloyd woke up, it was there in front of him.
— Here’s the horse, Mr. Lloyd, «said the doctor,» I’ve taken him out of your stomach, and it won’t bother you anymore.
At first Mr. Lloyd was glad, but then he looked at the horse again and said.
— But … doctor, my horse was white, and this one is brown.
2. Use the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense form:
He met his wife when he worked (work) in Brussels
— My father goes (go) to the bank. He’ll be back soon.
My students didn’t listen (not listen) when I gave the instructions.
Gonzalo is thirsty! I got (get) him a glass of water
If it didn’t rain (not rain) we’d lie on the beach.
3. Read the text, translate the last passage into English:
Miss Green was very fat. She weighed 100 kilos, and she was getting heavier every month, so she went to see her doctor.
He said, ‘You need a diet, Miss Green, and I’ve got a good one here.’ He gave her a small book and said, ‘Read this carefully and eat the things on page 11 every day. Then come back and see me in two weeks’ time.’
Miss Green came again two weeks later, but she wasn’t thinner: she was fatter. The doctor was surprised and said, ‘Are you eating the things on page 11 of the small book?’
‘Yes, doctor,’ she answered.
The next day the doctor visited Miss Green at lunch time. The girl was very surprised to see him:
-Mr. Gray, «said the doctor,» why do you eat potatoes and bread? They are not included in your diet:
-But, doctor, «replied Mrs. Green,» I followed my diet for breakfast. This is my dinner.
4. Make the sentences Passive
Letters had been delivered by the postman at 8 every day. (deliver)
This bag was found in the bus yesterday (find)
This dress can’t be washed in hot water. (can not wash)
1.The girl was mad about pop music. 2.Don’t be crazy at me.I ahve got nothing to do bwith the whole thing. 3. He was mad when he realized that somebody had entered the room in his absence. 4. The boy is driving them mad with his crazy ideas. 5. In the final scene the hero takes the girl’s hand and whispers: ‘ I’m crazy about you. I love you». 6. «hard to say why he should have done it. he must have gon mad».
3.Choose the best option
1. We walked until the edge of theesert.
Please select 2 correct answers
as far as
up to
until
2. It is another three weeks to the holidays.
Please select 2 correct answers
to
until
for
up to
3. I don’t know how she manages to support such a large family. She has nothing besides her pension.
besides
except
apart from
All of the above
4. Are you wearing anything below your sweater?
below
under
underneath
Either under or underneath
5. We should arrive at their place for time in lunch.
at, in, for
in, to, at
at, for, in
at, by, for
6. They live in a small one bedroom flat on the third floor.
in, in
on, on
in, on
on, in
7. Granny is arriving with the 3.30 train.
in
with
on
8. Last year, there were a large number of mangoes on the tree.
in
at
on
with
9. His house is on the way from Mumbai to Thane.
in
at
by
on
10. He met and fell in love with a French girl when he was in the London School of Economics.
in
at
on
11. A few days after the accident she died with the injuries.
The book is cheap and vulgar. It makes you sick . 2. A ill child was taken to hospital and immediately operated on. 3. Fred would hardly eat anything. The very sight of food made him sick . 4. ‘If you are ill , you had better stay in bed.» 5. He was sick and tired of the job and made up his mind to quit. 6. »If a trip by air makes you air sick, let’s go by train».
The Boston Tea Party was a political protest that occurred on December 16, 1773, at Griffin’s Wharf in Boston, Massachusetts. American colonists, frustrated and angry at Britain for imposing “taxation without representation,” dumped 342 chests of tea, imported by the British East India Company into the harbor. The event was the first major act of defiance to British rule over the colonists. It showed Great Britain that Americans wouldn’t take taxation and tyranny sitting down, and rallied American patriots across the 13 colonies to fight for independence.
Why Did the Boston Tea Party Happen?
In the 1760s, Britain was deep in debt, so British Parliament imposed a series of taxes on American colonists to help pay those debts.
The Stamp Act of 1765 taxed colonists on virtually every piece of printed paper they used, from playing cards and business licenses to newspapers and legal documents. The Townshend Acts of 1767 went a step further, taxing essentials such as paint, paper, glass, lead and tea.
The British government felt the taxes were fair since much of its debt was earned fighting wars on the colonists’ behalf. The colonists, however, disagreed. They were furious at being taxed without having any representation in Parliament, and felt it was wrong for Britain to impose taxes on them to gain revenue.
Boston Massacre Enrages Colonists
On March 5, 1770, a street brawl happened in Boston between American colonists and British soldiers.
Later known as the Boston Massacre, the fight began after an unruly group of colonists—frustrated with the presence of British soldiers in their streets—flung snowballs at a British sentinel guarding the Boston Customs House.
Reinforcements arrived and opened fire on the mob, killing five colonists and wounding six. The Boston Massacre and its fallout further incited the colonists’ rage towards Britain.
Tea Act Imposed
Britain eventually repealed the taxes it had imposed on the colonists except the tea tax. It wasn’t about to give up tax revenue on the nearly 1.2 million pounds of tea the colonists drank each year.
In protest, the colonists boycotted tea sold by British East India Company and smuggled in Dutch tea, leaving British East India Company with millions of pounds of surplus tea and facing bankruptcy.
In May 1773, British Parliament passed the Tea Act which allowed British East India Company to sell tea to the colonies duty-free and much cheaper than other tea companies – but still tax the tea when it reached colonial ports.
Tea smuggling in the colonies increased, although the cost of the smuggled tea soon surpassed that of tea from British East India Company with the added tea tax.
Still, with the help of prominent tea smugglers such as John Hancock and Samuel Adams —who protested taxation without representation but also wanted to protect their tea smuggling operations—colonists continued to rail against the tea tax and Britain’s control over their interests.
Sons of Liberty
The Sons of Liberty were a group of colonial merchants and tradesmen founded to protest the Stamp Act and other forms of taxation. The group of revolutionists included prominent patriots such as Benedict Arnold, Patrick Henry and Paul Revere, as well as Adams and Hancock.
Led by Adams, the Sons of Liberty held meetings rallying against British Parliament and protested the Griffin’s Wharf arrival of Dartmouth, a British East India Company ship carrying tea. By December 16, 1773, Dartmouth had been joined by her sister ships, Beaver and Eleanor; all three ships loaded with tea from China.
That morning, as thousands of colonists convened at the wharf and its surrounding streets, a meeting was held at the Old South Meeting House where a large group of colonists voted to refuse to pay taxes on the tea or allow the tea to be unloaded, stored, sold or used. (Ironically, the ships were built in America and owned by Americans.)
Governor Thomas Hutchison refused to allow the ships to return to Britain and ordered the tea tariff be paid and the tea unloaded. The colonists refused, and Hutchison never offered a satisfactory compromise.
What Happened at the Boston Tea Party?
That night, a large group of men – many reportedly members of the Sons of Liberty – disguised themselves in Native American garb, boarded the docked ships and threw 342 chests of tea into the water.
Said participant James Hawkes, “We then were ordered by our commander to open the hatches and take out all the chests of tea and throw them overboard, and we immediately proceeded to execute his orders, first cutting and splitting the chests with our tomahawks, so as thoroughly to expose them to the effects of the water.”
According to participant George Hews, “We were surrounded by British armed ships, but no attempt was made to resist us.”
Boston Tea Party Aftermath
While some important colonist leaders such as John Adams were thrilled to learn Boston Harbor was covered in tea leaves, others were not.
In June of 1774, George Washington wrote: “the cause of Boston…ever will be considered as the cause of America.” But his personal views of the event were far different. He voiced strong disapproval of “their conduct in destroying the Tea” and claimed Bostonians “were mad.” Washington, like many other elites, held private property to be sacrosanct.
Benjamin Franklin insisted the British East India Company be reimbursed for the lost tea and even offered to pay for it himself.
No one was hurt, and aside from the destruction of the tea and a padlock, no property was damaged or looted during the Boston Tea Party. The participants reportedly swept the ships’ decks clean before they left.
Who Organized the Boston Tea Party?
Though lead by Samuel Adams and his Sons of Liberty and organized by John Hancock, the names of many of those involved in the Boston Tea Party remain unknown. Thanks to their Native American costumes, only one of the tea party culprits, Francis Akeley, was arrested and imprisoned.
Even after American independence, participants refused to reveal their identities, fearing they could still face civil and criminal charges as well as condemnation from elites for the destruction of private property. Most participants in the Boston Tea Party were under the age of forty and sixteen of them were teenagers.
Coercive Acts
But despite the lack of violence, the Boston Tea Party didn’t go unanswered by King George III and British Parliament.
In retribution, they passed the Coercive Acts (later known as the Intolerable Acts) which:
closed Boston Harbor until the tea lost in the Boston Tea Party was paid for
ended the Massachusetts Constitution and ended free elections of town officials
moved judicial authority to Britain and British judges, basically creating martial law in Massachusetts
required colonists to quarter British troops on demand, using their private homes if needed
extended freedom of worship to French-Canadian Catholics under British rule, which angered the mostly Protestant colonists
Britain hoped the Coercive Acts would squelch rebellion in New England and keep the remaining colonies from uniting, but the opposite happened: All the colonies viewed the punitive laws as further evidence of Britain’s tyranny and rallied to Massachusetts’ aid, sending supplies and plotting further resistance.
Second Boston Tea Party
A second Boston Tea Party took place in March 1774, when around 60 Bostonians boarded the ship Fortune and dumped nearly 30 chests of tea into the harbor.
The event didn’t earn nearly as much notoriety as the first Boston Tea Party, but it did encourage other tea-dumping demonstrations in Maryland, New York and South Carolina.
Michelangelo, in full Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, (born March 6, 1475, Caprese, Republic of Florence [Italy]—died February 18, 1564, Rome, Papal States), Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.
Michelangelo was considered the greatest living artist in his lifetime, and ever since then he has been held to be one of the greatest artists of all time. A number of his works in painting, sculpture, and architecture rank among the most famous in existence. Although the frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (Vatican; see below) are probably the best known of his works today, the artist thought of himself primarily as a sculptor. His practice of several arts, however, was not unusual in his time, when all of them were thought of as based on design, or drawing. Michelangelo worked in marble sculpture all his life and in the other arts only during certain periods. The high regard for the Sistine ceiling is partly a reflection of the greater attention paid to painting in the 20th century and partly, too, because many of the artist’s works in other media remain unfinished.
A side effect of Michelangelo’s fame in his lifetime was that his career was more fully documented than that of any artist of the time or earlier. He was the first Western artist whose biography was published while he was alive—in fact, there were two rival biographies. The first was the final chapter in the series of artists’ lives (1550) by the painter and architect Giorgio Vasari. It was the only chapter on a living artist and explicitly presented Michelangelo’s works as the culminating perfection of art, surpassing the efforts of all those before him. Despite such an encomium, Michelangelo was not entirely pleased and arranged for his assistant Ascanio Condivi to write a brief separate book (1553); probably based on the artist’s own spoken comments, this account shows him as he wished to appear. After Michelangelo’s death, Vasari in a second edition (1568) offered a rebuttal. While scholars have often preferred the authority of Condivi, Vasari’s lively writing, the importance of his book as a whole, and its frequent reprinting in many languages have made it the most usual basis of popular ideas on Michelangelo and other Renaissance artists. Michelangelo’s fame also led to the preservation of countless mementos, including hundreds of letters, sketches, and poems, again more than of any contemporary. Yet despite the enormous benefit that has accrued from all this, in controversial matters often only Michelangelo’s side of an argument is known.
Alpha Centauri is a triple-star system. One of the three stars in Alpha Centauri is Proxima Centauri, which is the nearest star to the Earth, except, of course, for the Sun. The name “Proxima” comes from a Latin word which means “close”.
Even though Proxima Centauri is the closest star to the Earth outside of our solar system, it is not really close. Interstellar distances are so large that they are almost impossible to imagine. A person traveling in a modern spacecraft would not arrive at Proxima Centauri within this lifetime, or the next, or even ten lifetimes because the distance is so great. Light travels at a speed of 186000 miles per second, and it still takes light more than four years to travel from Proxima Centauri to the Earth. Alpha Centauri can be easily seen in the night sky without a telescope from certain parts of the Earth. It is the third brightest star in the sky, out of approximately 6000 visible stars. It cannot be seen from most parts of the United States because most of the United States is too far north; however, it
16. can be seen from the southern parts of the southernmost states.
Հայկ Թելունց 